Causes Of Wwi Essays - Bulgaria In World War I, World War I

Causes Of Wwi The Causes and Effects of World War I World War I was a military conflict from 1914 to 1918. It began as a local European war between Austria - Hungary and Serbia on July 28, 1914. It was transformed into a general European struggle by declaration of war against Russia on August 1, 1914 and eventually became a global war involving 32 nations. Twenty - eight of these nations, known as the Allies and the Associated Powers, and including Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United States, opposed the coalition known as the Central Powers, consisting of Germany, Austria - Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria. The immediate cause of the war between Austria - Hungary and Serbia was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914, at Sarajevo in Bosnia by Gavrilo Princip, a Serb nationalist. (Microsoft Encarta, 1996) On July 28 Austria declared war against Serbia, either because it felt Russia would not actually fight for Serbia, or because it was prepared to risk a general European conflict in order to put an end to the Greater Serbia movement. Russia responded by partially mobilizing against Austria. Germany warned Russia that continued mobilization would cause war with Germany, and it made Austria agree to discuss with Russia a possible change of the ultimatum to Serbia. Germany demanded, however, that Russia demobilize. Russia refused to do so, and on August 1, Germany declared war on Russia. (Microsoft Encarta, 1996) The French began to mobilize on the same day. On August 2, German troops invades Luxembourg and on August 3, Germany declared war on France. On August 2, the German government informed the government of Belgium of its intention to march on France through Belgium in order, as it claimed, to prevent an attack on Germany by French troops marching through Belgium. The Belgian government refused to allow the passage of German troops and called on the witnesses of the Treaty of 1839, which guaranteed the justice of Belgium in case of a conflict in which Great Britain, France, and Germany were involved, to observe their guarantee. Great Britain, one of the witnesses, on August 4, sent an ultimatum to Germany demanding that Belgian justice be respected. When Germany refused, Britain declared war on it the same day. Italy remained uninvolved until May 23, 1915, when, to satisfy its claims against Austria, it broke with the Triple Alliance and declared war on Austria - Hungary. In September 19 14, Allied unity was made stronger by the Pact of London, signed by France, Great Britain, and Russia. As the war progressed, other countries, including Turkey, Japan, the U.S., and other nations of the western hemisphere, were drawn into the conflict. Japan, which had made an alliance with the Great Britain in 1902, declared war on Germany on August 23, 1914. The United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917. (Microsoft Encarta, 1996) The outbreak of war in 1914 set in motion forces more gigantic than any previous war had seen. Two million Germans were on the march, the greater part of them against France, and there were another 3,000,000 trained men to back them up. France had nearly 4,000,000 trained men at call, although they relied on only 1,000,000 active troops in the first clash. Russia had more millions to draw upon than any, but their mobilization process was slow, a large part of their forces were in Asia and even their great potential strength was to a large extent canceled out by lack of munitions. (Captain Sir Basil Liddell Hart, 1984) The growth of these tremendous forces had been due primarily to a military gospel of mass. Known by Clausewitz, the Prussian military philosopher, who drew his inspiration from Napoleon's example, the spread of this gospel had been stimulated by the victories of the Prussian conscript armies in 1866 against Austria and in 1870 against France. It had been assisted also by the development of railways, which enabled far larger numbers of men to be assembled, moved and supplied than had been possible previously. Therefore the armies of 1914 - 1918 came to be counted in their millions compared with the hundreds of thousands of half a century earlier. (Captain Sir Basil

SOC 161 #3 Essays

SOC 161 #3 Essays SOC 161 #3 Essay SOC 161 #3 Essay Historically, Greek immigrants (during the nineteen and early twentieth century) tended to accommodate mass American culture. That is, they would residentially cluster, but at the same time adapted to the norms and expectations of larger society.It was also written in history that Greek immigrants in the United States of America had been observed with different feeling such as admiration, mockery, confusion or even hate. But they were considered to have been admired for their contributions to the development of western civilization. Greek immigrants had been considered as strange people having strange culture and had been branded by many Americans with the phrase â€Å"It’s all Greek to me†. But as time had passed, Greeks are becoming less strange in the United States since American citizens had been becoming aware of multicultural society. Greek immigrants had gained establishment in terms of having high profile jobs and even had been involved in the politics (Gordon, 1964).Because civil rights movement had been relevant, Greek immigrants had been able to change some of the perceptions of themselves. They had embraced little by little the American culture and had been able to accept the reality that they had been living already away from their own culture. In the past, Greek immigrants had experienced changing their names into American names in order for them to be accepted to jobs and for the m to be accepted in the society. Nowadays, they do no have to change their names only to avail of jobs. Greek immigrants are also now engaged in politics and they also do not have to change their names in order to be voted by the society (Glazer and Moynihan, 1975).As a matter of fact, nowadays, many of the American-born Greeks are having pride that they are part of the society and this is in opposition of the belief of their ancestors that they have to hide their culture in order to survive in the society were they live (Greeley, 1975).