Ethical and Moral Issues free essay sample

People manage moral and good issues in their regular day to day existence, regardless of whether is grinding away, home, and even at school. The accompanying will survey the contrasts between moral issues and good issues. The contrasts between close to home morals and business morals, follow by instances of regular moral issues in business. Morals is the investigation of norms of lead and good judgment; moral way of thinking the framework or code of ethics of a specific individual, religion, gathering, calling, and so forth. (Your Dictionary, n. d. ). Which alludes to the idea of what is good and bad, good and unethical. Moral is identifying with, managing, or equipped for making the differentiation among good and bad in lead (Your Dictionary, n. d. ). The distinction between moral issues and good issues can be critical, unpretentious, or can now and again show up the equivalent. Moral issues is an issue or circumstance that requires an individual or association to pick between choices that must be assessed as right (moral) or wrong (dishonest) (Business Dictionary, n. We will compose a custom exposition test on Moral and Moral Issues or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page . ). For example, a moral issue would be organizations overlooking unscrupulous practices by its providers, for example, utilization of youngster work and constrained work, creation in sweatshops, infringement of the essential right of laborers, and disregarding wellbeing, security and natural guidelines. As indicated by McDougall (2008) In 2008, UK dress firm Primark terminated three Indian providers, after an examination from the BBCs Panorama and The Observer revealed youngsters working to create a portion of its least expensive articles of clothing. Moral issues is an issue of good concern demonstrated to be any issue with the possibility to help or damage anybody, including yourself. (P. l. e. , 2009). A few instances of good issues would lie, taking, cheating, and carrying out a wrongdoing. In the event that a single parent worked at child retail location where they provided food and apparel, and was battling to take care of her infant since she had no cash until one weeks from now check; does she consider taking the food at the store she works in to take care of her infant or approach outsiders for cash in the lanes? Everything relies upon what an individual believes is ethically right or wrong. Individual morals is a class of theory that figures out what an individual accepts about ethical quality, good and bad, and influences all everyday issues, including family, accounts, and connections (Wisegeek, n. d. ). Numerous scholars contend that youngsters will figure out how to share, buckle down, and come clean in light of the fact that these activities can profit them. For example, if a youngster chooses to defy the guidelines of a game, the kid will make struggle, and manufacture a hindrance between his/her friends and themselves. In any case in the event that a kid chooses to comply with the principles, at that point that kid will be glad, appreciate fellowship, and will turn out to be nearer with his/her companions, profiting them. Business morals is not the same as close to home morals since business morals is the conduct that a business holds fast to its day by day dealings with the world (Wisegeek, n. d. ). Contingent upon the business, morals can fluctuate in light of the fact that in addition to the fact that this applies on how organizations connect with the world everywhere, yet additionally managing single clients one on one. Both great and terrible business morals apply in organizations consistently. Great business morals happen when organizations have energize an increasingly ecological methodology, treat providers with decency, and being progressively more amicable to representatives. Terrible business morals happens when organizations disregard the wellbeing of their representatives, clients or even the general public, so as to procure more cash or ensures its position. Awful business morals models would be the utilization of youngster work, sweatshop slave work, creature testing, and even organizations defiling our sea and waterway framework so as to reduce expenses on cleaning activities. Some accept that morals and ethics show up the equivalent, others accept there is an unpretentious or critical contrast. The accompanying has clarified the distinction among moral and good issues, and the contrast among individual and business morals. Purchasers and representatives depend on organizations settling on moral and good choices in all business exchange, along these lines rehearsing great morals and ethics will enable a business to be effective.

Racial Ideology of Americas Essay

In the period from 1500 to 1830, racial generalizations were unmistakable in the areas of Latin America/Caribbean and North America and they tremendously affected society, particularly social orders with different ethnicities. The racial philosophies of these locales can be seen through the treatment of local people groups and the treatment of slaves. In any case, as a result of the solid impact of varying European nations,and their contrasting measures, differentiating cultural impacts can be seen. At the point when the Europeans found and settled the â€Å"New World† and Latin America their belief system of European strength and predominance directly affected the locals of these districts. In North America, the Native Americans were regularly mistreated or compelled to live on a limited real estate parcel. The Europeans would regularly devise arrangements with the Native Americans on where there regional limits were and where the pilgrims were not permitted to barge in. The European governments didn't implement this, so in the end these arrangements were broken. This shows the Europeans didn't respect the locals cases to the land as authentic and that they didn't reserve any options to the land. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the locals were subjugated and constrained into bondage and work. The predominant European racial philosophy additionally energized the slave exchange both North America and Latin America. The slave exchange spun around slave dispatches that would ship masses of Africans to the states to build creations. The slave exchange developed in the periods from 1500 to 1830 in light of the fact that slaves got less expensive to purchase at that point recruiting obligated hirelings who might work just a specific measure of years and afterward be free when their obligation was taken care of where as a slave is saved forever, except if they are sold. The slaves were purchased, sold, and treated like property, not individuals. The pilgrims, were the individuals who ventured out from Europe to the Americas or those conceived in America who had originated from European plunge executed the absolute colonization of North America and Latin America and the Caribbean. The settlements in North America were overwhelmingly British and wanted to become like their motherland. This unified the pioneers thus they didn't oppress each other like they victimized the Native Americans and African slaves. This differences the dominatingly Spanish overwhelmed settlements since they had no feeling of solidarity. The Spanish racial belief system provoked people with significant influence, the illustrious sangres azules, and the normal people, converted into separation inside the pioneer populaces. The homesteaders conceived in Spain were viewed as better than the individuals who conceived in Americas, regardless of whether you came two completely Spanish guardians. The individuals who were of â€Å"mixed blood† , who were offspring of local and Spanish guardians were even lower.

Using Zyban to Help You Quit Smoking

Using Zyban to Help You Quit Smoking Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking Print How Zyban Can Help With Quitting Smoking By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on August 13, 2015 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 07, 2020 Fuse/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking After You Quit Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Zyban is the brand name for the generic drug bupropion hydrochloride. It is a nicotine-free quit aid. Originally marketed as an anti-depressant drug under the brand name of Wellbutrin, it became apparent that bupropion was an effective quit aid because smokers using it to treat depression also lost interest in smoking. People not planning to quit smoking found themselves stopping with relative ease. Later, bupropion hydrochloride was given the brand name of Zyban and in  1997, the FDA approved it as a quit smoking aid.  When used in combination with  nicotine replacement therapy  (NRTs), the chance for long-term success with smoking cessation increases.?? Note:    it is important to be monitored by your doctor if youre using both Zyban and an NRT as  high blood pressure  can be a concern.?? How It Works It isnt completely understood how Zyban works, but we do know that it alters brain chemistry in such a way that  nicotine  is rendered less effective.?? The result is a reduced interest in smoking, and  nicotine cravings and withdrawal are minimal. While this medication was developed as an anti-depressant, you do not need to suffer from depression for it to work as a quit aid.  That said, if you develop  quit-related depression, Zyban may help to offset the symptoms. Usage Zyban is not sold over the counter, so you must see your doctor for a prescription. To begin with, you take Zyban while youre still smoking. Days 1 - 3:    One 150 mg tablet once a day. Days 4 - 7:    One 150 mg tablet twice a day, at least 8 hours apart. Its a good idea to space your pills out so that the second pill of the day is several hours before bedtime as bupropion can make it hard to get to sleep.?? Week 2:    Continue to take one pill twice a day, at least 8 hours apart. Stop smoking during week two, on the day you picked to quit. Week 3 and beyond:    Continue as with week 2. The recommended course of treatment is 7 weeks, but it can be taken for a longer period of time.?? Your doctor will help you decide when you should stop treatment. If youre unable to stop smoking by the end of week 3, your doctor may discontinue this medication as it might not be a good fit for you as a quit aid.  If that happens, dont worry. There are  several other options  on the market today that could work better for you. Very Important:  If you miss a dose and its close to time for the next one, skip that pill. Never take a double dose to catch up as this could increase the risk for seizures.?? If you take too much Zyban accidentally,  call your doctor, poison control or go to an emergency room at your local hospital immediately, even if youre not experiencing anything out of the ordinary. Also,  never stop taking this drug abruptly,  unless you have one of the side effects in the section below where that is recommended. Consult with your doctor immediately if this happens. Who Should Not Use Zyban Zyban isnt suitable for everyone.  Avoid it if:?? You use any other drug containing bupropion hydrochlorideYou have or have had a seizure disorderYou have or have had an eating disorderYou are taking or have recently taken a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)You are pregnant or nursingYou are allergic to bupropion hydrochlorideYou are abruptly discontinuing alcohol or sedatives(including benzodiazepines) Common Side Effects Dry mouthDizzinessInsomniaChange in appetiteChange in sense of tasteWeight lossStomach painNauseaVomitingAnxietyExcitementHeadachesStuffy noseUncontrollable shaking in a part of the bodyRinging in the earsSore throatExcessive sweatingFrequent urination If any of the above side effects become severe or dont go away, see your doctor. Side Effects You Should Seek Immediate Medical Attention For: seizureshallucinationsconfusionirrational fearsrapid, pounding or irregular heart ratemuscle or joint pain Side Effects That Warrant Stopping Zyban Immediately: Rash or blistersFeverItchingSwelling of the face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes, hands, lower legsHoarsenessDifficulty breathing or swallowingChest pain If you experience any of these side effects, discontinue Zyban and see your doctor or go to an emergency room right away. In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration required the makers of Zyban and Chantix, a similar quit aid to post a warning on product packaging about potentially severe side effects. If you have any problems not listed here that are troublesome and youre concerned about whether they might be related to Zyban, check in with your doctor as soon as possible. Effectiveness Of the small number of studies done on Zyban efficacy over the years, success rates seem to be in the 30% range for people who are smoke-free at the one year mark.??  When used with NRTs however, the rate climbs slightly to approximately 35.5% for those who didnt smoke at all during the first year.?? More importantly, perhaps, is how effective Zyban can be when you couple it with a good support group of like-minded individuals for smoking cessation.??  Whether online or in person, support may be the single most important quit tool you can employ.

Persuasive Essay On Adoption - 1358 Words

Adoption is the legal process of accepting someone into your family formally, and taking on the legal responsibilities as parent of a child. Adopting a child or teen involves a judicial process where a person accepts a child into their life, creating a new relationship. Once the adoption is final, the adoptive parents have full responsibility of their child and the child is then part of their family. According to the U.S. Department of State, adoption has started becoming less popular in the United States, with 22,989 adoptions in 2004 and only 9,319 in 2011. Last year, there were just 5,370 adoptions happening in North America. Declining adoptions lead to increased foster care residences, which means that there are a lot of children who†¦show more content†¦As stated by the U.S. Department of State, â€Å"more than 90 percent of international adoptions include infants and children under the age of 5 years old†¦overall, 64 percent of adopted children are girls and 36 p ercent are males†. Based on their 2009 statistics, the primary sending countries for adoption are China, Ethiopia, Russia, South Korea, and Guatemala. Adopting a child from another country and bringing them back to the U.S. allows them to become a new resident and be provided the proper treatment and care to keep them safe and healthy. Alex Maher, a 12 year old boy from Allentown Pennsylvania, was adopted at 9 months old from Guatemala. Alex had been living with foster parents back in Guatemala, until the Maher family adopted him. His mother was so gracious to speak about the process of intercountry adoption and what took place. â€Å"We adopted Alex, back then known as Luis, in November of 2005. We had flown to Guatemala the day before Halloween and were eager to see him. He was only 9 months old, and we were so blessed when we found out we were able to take him in as part of our family†, Mrs. Maher spoke. â€Å"His name was Luis when he was adopted, but we decided to change his first name to Alex and gave him the middle name Luis. We changed his name because although we didn’t want him to forget who he was and wanted him to still have his background, we felt it was a nice way to welcome him into the Maher family. We believe changing his name allowed him to start over, whileShow MoreRelatedPersuasi ve Essay On Adoption1298 Words   |  6 PagesAdoption is something which is widely known of yet not so widely done. Why I may hear you ask? Simply because people prefer to create their own offspring rather than get into the long process of dealing with and obtaining somebody else’s. For many people adopting doesn’t even come into the thought process when it comes to that point in their lives where they are thinking about and making the choice to have children. However, it can be found that having children creates quite a few more problems thanRead MorePersuasive Essay On Adoption804 Words   |  4 Pagesyears, they had talked about adopting a child and seriously considered it. Unfortunately, they never had enough money to pay the high adoption costs. It seemed like their dream family was further away than ever. Money, time and bad luck constantly held them back from their one dream in life. - Insert a picture of Aron and Rachel. The couple had investigated adoption, embryo implants and fertility treatments. Without thousands of dollars, they would never be able to use any of these options. AronRead MorePersuasive Essay On Adoption1064 Words   |  5 Pagescomplication in the war you became sterile. Military Veterans look towards adoption as a way to have children since combat injuries dont permit them to (Wax-Thibodeaux). Therefore, the costs of adoption are almost 40,000 dollars per child in the U.S. today (Kaminer). Furthermore, you have to think about the additional funds you need to raise the child after the adoption is complete. Within the year 2008, domestic adoption ranged from 15,000 to 30,000 dollars per child. Therefore, the government triedRead MorePersuasive Essay On Adoption871 Words   |  4 PagesPreviously, I thought that adoption was easy. This course has taught me that it is not as simple as it seems, and there are many different issues that need to be considered. Adoption is an amazing g ift for couples who are unable to have children. There are many problems that couples face when they cannot conceive. It is heart-wrenching for couples who need to endure years of trying and hoping, only to see their efforts fail or end in miscarriages. Thankfully, there is a way for these childless couplesRead MorePersuasive Essay On Adoption1100 Words   |  5 PagesAdoption Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that persons biological or legal parent, and in so doing, permanently transfers all rights and responsibilities, from the biological parent or parents. Unlike guardianship adoption effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition. Adoption is a good process which helps children in different ways. I prefer to handle adoption worldwide and in all societiesRead MorePersuasive Essay About Adoption1324 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough, so the people are accountable for their harmful actions. There are many different facts about adoption. There are no returns on kids, once they are in the home they are in the home for good (Interactive, 2012). There are two methods for adoption private and public. Public adoption agencies get their funding’s from local, state, and federal sources; on the other hand private adoption agencies get their funding’s from the adoptive families. The family can either adopt domestic meaningRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gay Adoption1643 Words   |  7 Pagesguardians effect children negatively? Adoption is a lengthy process of legally accepting responsibilities of a non-biological child. While adoption is usually governed by laws that vary from state to state, but there are also federal regulations. These federal laws are set in place to provide clarity on who can and cannot adopt, parental rights, consent, the best interest of the adoptees, and the confidentiality of the adoption. Preceding the adoption process, applicants of every state must undergoRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gay Adoption705 Words   |  3 Pagesfor many hit songs. It has been more than accepted that even gay marriage have been accepted, and it is now legal in thirteen states. So why shouldn’t gay adoptions be legalize too? A child raised by a same sex couple can be just as normal as any other child. Gay couples should have the same rights as heterosexual couples have in adoption. Adoption can do many good things for people, which include giving gay couples the opportunity to parent, a nd taking children out of bad situations and providing themRead MorePersuasive Essay About Gay Adoption1639 Words   |  7 PagesWhat do these words have in common? They don’t describe gay adoption. The common misconceptualization that gay people get to choose their sexuality is false, so why should parents who were born with a different sexuality be scorned for wanting to adopt? Most people agree with the statement that children deserve to live in a home with a loving family rather than be stuck in an orphanage until they’re old enough to live alone. Same sex adoption has success stories, studies, and statistics that back upRead MoreExamples Of Persuasive Speech On Adoption882 Words   |  4 Pagesand your spouse should look into adoption. Now at this point there some of you that would jump right into to the process of adoption, but there’s others who would have second thoughts, no interest, or fears of adopting a child. The reason being is you’ve probably heard misconceptions or heard horrible stories of adoption. Don’t worry everyone fears something in life, but giving an child another life to live shouldn’t be one. I’m going to convince you that the adoption process is a good, health, and

Counseling Processes Essay - 747 Words

In counseling, there are many processes used by a counselor in his sessions with a client. These may be done in a specific order or however which way the counselor sees them to be appropriate. Listed below are the different processes that may be undertaken during a counseling session. 1. Before meeting a counselee, the counselor tries to find out as much as he can about the former. This is done so that he may discern what will help the client most. Also, he has to fathom the counselees past so that he will know beforehand how he can help him. 2. The counselor and the counselee take some time to get to know each other. This is a process that works both ways, as does the entire counseling process upon which they are about to embark. In†¦show more content†¦He may ask the client to compile a journal so that the latter may elaborate upon the area of emotion that he feels is central to his problems. The counselee may be asked to look in some detail at the problems he faces on a d ay-to-day basis and explore all the emotions that he feels are associated with these problems as they arise. 6. The counselor and the client look in some more detail at the problems reported and the emotions surrounding them. They are now better equipped to look in greater depth at the counselees problems. Relevant issues will be approached and any patterns that can be discerned are raised and related to the counselees background life and history as a whole. During the course of this process, major underlying driving factors are identified and these factors are often learnt as a result of past experiences. 7. Role-playing may be used to help the counselee react to experiences that seem to bother him. The interaction will help the original experience to resurface and be better understood, enabling the counselee to learn from it and gain a better understanding of the emotional forces that have lead to his current feelings or behaviors. 8. The counselee should be active in the interpre tation of raised issues. He should be able to provide explanations foe each emotion or behavior based on the insight he has gained to date. 9. Progress may be discussed by the counselor and counselee and recommendations forShow MoreRelatedEffective Counseling1313 Words   |  6 PagesCounselor By {Author} {Institution} Abstract This research paper discusses the qualities that are necessary for an effective counseling and as such any counselor considered effective must posses them. The paper has a separate discussion of both personal and professional qualities required for any good counselor. The personal qualities form a larger part of the discussion becauseRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Counseling Profession1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe counseling profession can be an excellent, rewarding, and challenging field. The purpose of counseling is to help individuals understand and clarify their own values and beliefs across a lifespan. Counseling also help individuals to become self-sufficient by implementing interventions and strategies that involves goal-setting skills that is meaningful to an individual. Individuals who may seek counseling are individuals who encountered marriage and family issues, stressful or traumatic eventsRead MoreTransitioning From Any Undergraduate Level Course1623 Words   |  7 Page sbut also a better understanding in the field of mental health counseling. In particular, from my first semester I believe my fundamentals course gave me not only a new insight within the field my also a hands on experience, encouraging and embarking me into the counseling process. In fact before entering Kutztown University Fundamental’s graduate course with Dr. Arena I had very little experience and skills within the subject of counseling. Prior to the course I only had one undergraduate course, whichRead MoreThe Mental Health Counseling Program1203 Words   |  5 PagesA mental health counselor is a counseling professional, whose duties involves helping individuals cope with difficult life events, managing mental illnesses, and referring patients to additional resources that can help them. Before they can start counseling, they need to follow their states specific requires. For instance, in Louisiana, one has to obtain a master’s degree from an accredited program, have the required hours of supervised practice and coursework, and pass the National Counselor ExaminationRead MoreCounseling Skills: The Ingredients of Successful Helping1042 Words   |  4 PagesTaking this counseling skills class has made me second guess myself on rather if I should continue my education towards being a counselor. Going into this class I thought that I was going to love counseling and come out being able to fix peoples problem. It was the total opposite. Just this semester, I learned about the ingredients of successful helping, helping relationship/ values that drive it, turning in and listening, working at mutual understanding, the art of probing and summarizing, facilitatingRead MoreCounseling993 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Counseling Written Assignment # 1 I. What is professional counseling? Discuss the most recent trends in counseling. Professional counseling is a service provided voluntary and confidential with the focus on the developmental, situational problems of individuals of all ages and culture. Professional counselors help individuals to make decisions and resolve conflicts. Counselors provide service on different settings like the workplace, schools, colleges and other placesRead MoreThe Counseling Process Is A Dynamic And Progressive Style875 Words   |  4 PagesCounseling clients with disabilities offers unique challenges due to the complexity of resolution and maintenance in the counseling process. There must be working knowledge of the counseling process in order to transform theory into good sound practice. There are 4 distinct areas that affect the client’s ability to succeed: social, physical health, motivation, and financial. Success is only determine by the ability of the counselor and client to define the goals of counseling and work towards thoseRead MoreThe For Building Trust And Opening Up A Dialogue With The Client1507 Words   |  7 Pagesreasons, but in the early stage specifically because often peers are easier to accept information from and peers are harder to deceive. Therapeutic Strategies : These characteristics of early stage treatment need to be emphasized - ~ In group counseling giving them a sense of being part of a community that cares - universality - that they are not alone. ~ Giving them a sense of hope from this universality so they come back. Positivity and non-judgement are essential in the early stage, whileRead MoreWhy I Want to be a Counselor Essay779 Words   |  4 Pagescomplete 4 requirements. First I would have to get my masters degree and/or doctoral degree in counseling: While doing so I will need to minor in psychology. Second I’d have to take on some sort of internship and learn to deal with human stress and anxiety. Third, after my education and training I would need to pass the specific states exam. And finally I would have to apply for my professional counseling license. Before getting started with anything hands on a certain education path is required toRead MoreDetermining Based Outcome Measure For Selecting The Gas Instrument1551 Words   |  7 Pagesbetter serve clients in the counseling field, accountability in the form of evidence-based outcome measures has become an important component within the profession. Erford (2014) states that counselors must offer research based interventions that are empirically sound and has the ability to produce desired outcomes in their clients. In an effort to determine an appropriate evidence-based outcome measure, I went to Capella’s library and entered â€Å"mental health counseling† and â€Å"outcome measure† as search

Math Ia Type 2 Stellar Numbers. Free Essays

Math SL Investigation Type 2 Stellar Numbers This is an investigation about stellar numbers, it involves geometric shapes which form special number patterns. The simplest of these is that of the square numbers (1, 4, 9, 16, 25 etc†¦) The diagram below shows the stellar triangular numbers until the 6th triangle. The next three numbers after T5 would be: 21, 28, and 36. We will write a custom essay sample on Math Ia Type 2 Stellar Numbers. or any similar topic only for you Order Now A general statement for nth triangular numbers in terms of n is: The 6-stellar star, where there are 6 vertices, has its first four shapes shown below: The number of dots until stage S6: 1, 13, 37, 73, 121, 181 Number of dots at stage 7: 253 Expression for number of dots at stage 7: Since the general trend is adding the next multiple of 12 (12, 24, 36, 48 etc†¦) for each of the stars, so for S2 it would be 1+12=13, and for S3 it would be 13+24=37 General statement for 6-stellar star number at stage Sn in terms of n: For P=9: Since S1 must equal 1 then we can prove this formula by showing that: So the first six terms are: 1, 19, 55, 109, 181, 271 Therefore the equation for the 9-Stellar star at For P=5: Since S1 must equal 1 then we can prove this formula by showing that: So the first six terms are: 1, 11, 31, 61, 101, 151 So the expression for 5-Stellar at General Statement for P-Stellar numbers at stage Sn in terms of P and = For P-Stellar number equals 10: For P-Stellar number equals 20: The General Statement works for all number fro 1 to positive infinity. The equation was arrived at since the sum of arithmetic series can be found using , since the difference is always 2P then we can replace 2P with d, and since u1 is always equal to 1, we can replace it with 1 every time. The at the end of the equation serves the purpose of making the difference between the numbers in the series constant. This form of the equation will allow for only one variable to change, which will be . One of the things the student realized while solving this investigation was that the second term is always equal to , but the derived equation which is also works. How to cite Math Ia Type 2 Stellar Numbers., Essay examples

Flower Decoration Essay Example For Students

Flower Decoration Essay TABLE DECORATION There is a lot of room for creativity in a table arrangement. The table is a great stage to tell a story through the use of candles, statuary, musical instruments any objects that have meaning for you. You can convey a theme for the occasion using memorabilia or traditional decorations. The buffet table lends itself to an elaborate still life of flowers, fruits and vegetables. Create a centerpiece still life where you can’t tell where the decorations end and the food begins. Centerpieces The placement of centerpieces fall into three main categories: 1. The arrangement is placed in the center of a table with guests seated all around. 2. The arrangement is placed at the ends or at one side of a table   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3. The arrangement is seen from three sides and is designed for buffet tables where no one is seated, but where food and beverages are served.   Ã‚   In the first category, the arrangement is created to be viewed from all sides. It is fairly low, below chin level, so diners can see each other. Focal flowers are placed throughout the design and a few line flowers extend above eye level for contrast. Candles should be either very short or very tall so they dont block conversation or isolate guests. In the second category, where the floral arrangements are spaced at the two ends of a long table or where one bouquet occupies the center of one side of a table, the size of the arrangements can be much larger. They occupy space normally occupied by one seated guest. Since there are no individual place settings at a buffet, the floral composition should be in scale with the size of the table and the amount of food being served. A very large buffet table may use a large arrangement place in the center towards the back with two smaller ones echoing the colors and style of the main design at either ends. SHAPING UR FLOWER ARRANGEMENTS PROPORTIONS All good flower arrangements have pleasing proportions which means it looks comfortable within the size, shape and style of container. If you are showing a single perfect bloom in a bud vase then you can disregard all but the first rule. These are the basic rules for good flower arranging: 1. Low  arrangements should be a little wider than their container. Tall  arrangements should be 1 1/2 to 2 times taller than their container. 2. If your arrangement has a  theme  choose or make a container big enough to hold your arrangement. 3. Put enough  oasis  in the base to fill it up level with the top of the container. Cut off any that goes above the lip of the container. 4. Imagine an invisible outline of the shape you want to create and chose which side will be the front of your arrangement. 5. Choose your tallest and widest flowers and arrange them in your container first within the outline of your chosen shape. 6. Fill in around the base and lower part of the arrangement with more large blooms. 7. Working up and outward user smaller blooms or filler to fill in the arrangement. 8. Use the smallest blooms, foliage and filler to hide stems, oasis and the edge of container. POOR BECOMES GOOD PROPORTIONS POOR BECOMES GOOD PROPORTIONS BALANCE There are 2 kinds of balance; asymmetrical where the 2 sides dont match but appear to have equal weight or strength to our eyes and symmetrical where the 2 sides are nearly identical. If your arrangement looks like its about to tip over then, visually, it isnt properly balanced. Good balance can be achieved following a few simple rules: 1. The bottom half of the arrangement should be BIG enough to support the weight of the top. 2. The left side should have the same amount of interest as the right side. 3. Leave a little more  s p a c e  around anything you want to stand out. 4. Keep it simple. Dont overd  esign your arrangement: too many types of flowers will look messy. Remember how well-balanced plants look in the garden all by themselves? They could be an inspiration for your arrangements. Flower arranging and Art books have lots of information about balance, proportion and scale. They can give you lots of great ideas, too. The Roots of Japanese Flower Arrangement By Ann Kameoka and H. E. Davey Flower Arrangements and Photos by Ann Kameoka ado is one of the most ancient Japanese art forms. It is often calledikebana, literally living flowers, and it is the classical art of floral arrangement that originated in Japan. (We favor the term kado in this online article, to emphasize that Japanese floral art is actually a Way of studying the essence of life itself and, as such, it is more than simply the skill of arranging living flowers. The fact that Japanese flower arrangement can, and should, function as a Way pointing toward realization is the primary focal point of this article. Many people may wonder how kado differs from Western floral art. Even more may question why you would even want to spend years studying the Japanese art of arranging flowers, when you could just grab a fist full of daisies and stuff em in a vase. Issues of culture and art aside, the prim ary difference between Western flower arrangement and kado is the Do (Way) concept itself. The Yellow Wallpaper – Journey into Insanity Essay PaperIn fact, its also easier to arrange flowers in circular fashion. This type of arrangement is laid on conference tables or on buffet tables. They can be presented to high class executives or politicians on different occasion. Triangular shape: It is a most common arrangement of flowers used in Personal and Professional functions. Firstly, height and width is fixed with flowers and then focal point is established. It is made in the triangle shape and looks very attractive. They are placed on the buffet table or in the side station. In ceremonies we can find this kind of arrangements. Crescent shape: The crescent is asymmetrical and formal. It requires lot of skill and experience. This type of arrangement is very eye catching. It is kept in the lobby of the hotel. It is used as a focal point to catch the attention of the guest.    Fan shape : It is a low arrangement and it does not interfere with conversation across the table. It is a fan or a horizontal in shape generally placed in the restaurant either in buffet or on dining table. Hotel rooms also have this kind of arrangement Hogarth or S shape: This is very graceful style of arrangement. It is easier to make when curved branches are used. Once S shape is made, flowers are filled at the center. Ikebana: means making flowers live in Japanese. People in Japan use flowers to symbolize season. They represent ideal harmony between earthy and eternal life. In each arrangement there is an imaginary triangle tallest line represent heaven, towards the heaven is man and the lowest line looking up to both is earth. This is been practiced for past 100 years. The formal type of flower arrangement is called Seika style. Floating type of arrangement is called Ukibana and basket type of arrangement is called Morimano. ere abundant flowers are amassed together and colors are mixed to form arrangements. Planning an arrangement is important keeping in mind the right size, shape, colors and type of flowers used and appropriate containers to hold the flowers. Long-lasting flowers such as Carnations, Chrysanthemums, Gladioli, Tube Roses and Orchids are ideal for a weekly once arrangement. Before buying or cutting flowers, work out the size and shape of the display. Make sure that the arrangement harmonizes with its surroundings. Many types of containers can be used : Jugs, Pots, Flower Vases, Teapots, Rustic Baskets, Bottles, Big Sea Shells, Mugs, Old Watering Cans, Terracotta Pots etc. , Different types of arrangements created in this style are : 1. Pedestal Arrangements : These are arrangements which raises above the ground or a table. Here Wet Foam is used to anchor the flowers. To strengthen the foam, wrap it with a chicken wire, carefully pressing the mesh into shape. A variety of shapes and designs can be created with flowing, downward-sweeping lines, which is known as movement. Gladioli, Roses and Carnations can be used. This type of arrangements is for special family occasions like a wedding or celebration party and it involves more work, but is always worthwhile. 2. Wall Arrangements : Vases in cone, horn or shell-shaped, flat on one side with generously flowing flowers and foliage hung on a blank wall will immediately make a bright wall art. A wall basket can also be used as a container. 3. Rings and Wall Wreath Arrangement : Here Foam Rings can be used to anchor flowers and foliage or the Wreath base can be of twisted branches and decorated with Fruits and dry material. Button roses, Apple, Pine Cones, Sweet peas, Larkspur, Hydrangeas can be used. A Wreath with Wheat and bright flowers surrounding a terracotta candle bowl will illuminate dark evenings. 4. Flower Spheres : They make colorful hanging arrangements. Both fresh flowers and dried flowers can be used. 5. Small Arrangements : Delicate arrangements can be created using delicate Ferns and tiny flowers in small containers. The containers can be Perfume bottles, tiny wine glasses, miniature boxes etc. , 6. Large Arrangements : A large arrangement would be appropriate in a spacious hall or in a dining area. Large containers in different shapes can be used. Gerberas, Madonna Lily, Gladioli, Alstroemeria, Tube Roses, Roses, Long and short stalked Foliage in different combinations can be used to fill the container. Welcome to Babybouquets. Babybouquets  prides itself on delivering unique, eye-catching gifts for families of new babies. Professionally designed and individually created with love, each gift is made with baby’s clothing and accessories, wrapped and presented as bouquets of flowers and other distinctive baby gifts. Perfect for the new parents – long lasting, beautiful and ultimately useful, each bouquet or gift can be unwrapped and worn or used by the baby in their first few months.

Causes Of Wwi Essays - Bulgaria In World War I, World War I

Causes Of Wwi The Causes and Effects of World War I World War I was a military conflict from 1914 to 1918. It began as a local European war between Austria - Hungary and Serbia on July 28, 1914. It was transformed into a general European struggle by declaration of war against Russia on August 1, 1914 and eventually became a global war involving 32 nations. Twenty - eight of these nations, known as the Allies and the Associated Powers, and including Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United States, opposed the coalition known as the Central Powers, consisting of Germany, Austria - Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria. The immediate cause of the war between Austria - Hungary and Serbia was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914, at Sarajevo in Bosnia by Gavrilo Princip, a Serb nationalist. (Microsoft Encarta, 1996) On July 28 Austria declared war against Serbia, either because it felt Russia would not actually fight for Serbia, or because it was prepared to risk a general European conflict in order to put an end to the Greater Serbia movement. Russia responded by partially mobilizing against Austria. Germany warned Russia that continued mobilization would cause war with Germany, and it made Austria agree to discuss with Russia a possible change of the ultimatum to Serbia. Germany demanded, however, that Russia demobilize. Russia refused to do so, and on August 1, Germany declared war on Russia. (Microsoft Encarta, 1996) The French began to mobilize on the same day. On August 2, German troops invades Luxembourg and on August 3, Germany declared war on France. On August 2, the German government informed the government of Belgium of its intention to march on France through Belgium in order, as it claimed, to prevent an attack on Germany by French troops marching through Belgium. The Belgian government refused to allow the passage of German troops and called on the witnesses of the Treaty of 1839, which guaranteed the justice of Belgium in case of a conflict in which Great Britain, France, and Germany were involved, to observe their guarantee. Great Britain, one of the witnesses, on August 4, sent an ultimatum to Germany demanding that Belgian justice be respected. When Germany refused, Britain declared war on it the same day. Italy remained uninvolved until May 23, 1915, when, to satisfy its claims against Austria, it broke with the Triple Alliance and declared war on Austria - Hungary. In September 19 14, Allied unity was made stronger by the Pact of London, signed by France, Great Britain, and Russia. As the war progressed, other countries, including Turkey, Japan, the U.S., and other nations of the western hemisphere, were drawn into the conflict. Japan, which had made an alliance with the Great Britain in 1902, declared war on Germany on August 23, 1914. The United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917. (Microsoft Encarta, 1996) The outbreak of war in 1914 set in motion forces more gigantic than any previous war had seen. Two million Germans were on the march, the greater part of them against France, and there were another 3,000,000 trained men to back them up. France had nearly 4,000,000 trained men at call, although they relied on only 1,000,000 active troops in the first clash. Russia had more millions to draw upon than any, but their mobilization process was slow, a large part of their forces were in Asia and even their great potential strength was to a large extent canceled out by lack of munitions. (Captain Sir Basil Liddell Hart, 1984) The growth of these tremendous forces had been due primarily to a military gospel of mass. Known by Clausewitz, the Prussian military philosopher, who drew his inspiration from Napoleon's example, the spread of this gospel had been stimulated by the victories of the Prussian conscript armies in 1866 against Austria and in 1870 against France. It had been assisted also by the development of railways, which enabled far larger numbers of men to be assembled, moved and supplied than had been possible previously. Therefore the armies of 1914 - 1918 came to be counted in their millions compared with the hundreds of thousands of half a century earlier. (Captain Sir Basil

SOC 161 #3 Essays

SOC 161 #3 Essays SOC 161 #3 Essay SOC 161 #3 Essay Historically, Greek immigrants (during the nineteen and early twentieth century) tended to accommodate mass American culture. That is, they would residentially cluster, but at the same time adapted to the norms and expectations of larger society.It was also written in history that Greek immigrants in the United States of America had been observed with different feeling such as admiration, mockery, confusion or even hate. But they were considered to have been admired for their contributions to the development of western civilization. Greek immigrants had been considered as strange people having strange culture and had been branded by many Americans with the phrase â€Å"It’s all Greek to me†. But as time had passed, Greeks are becoming less strange in the United States since American citizens had been becoming aware of multicultural society. Greek immigrants had gained establishment in terms of having high profile jobs and even had been involved in the politics (Gordon, 1964).Because civil rights movement had been relevant, Greek immigrants had been able to change some of the perceptions of themselves. They had embraced little by little the American culture and had been able to accept the reality that they had been living already away from their own culture. In the past, Greek immigrants had experienced changing their names into American names in order for them to be accepted to jobs and for the m to be accepted in the society. Nowadays, they do no have to change their names only to avail of jobs. Greek immigrants are also now engaged in politics and they also do not have to change their names in order to be voted by the society (Glazer and Moynihan, 1975).As a matter of fact, nowadays, many of the American-born Greeks are having pride that they are part of the society and this is in opposition of the belief of their ancestors that they have to hide their culture in order to survive in the society were they live (Greeley, 1975).

Registered Nurse Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Registered Nurse - Research Paper Example RNs are guided by documents published by respective professional associations and state legislations with regards to legal and safe scope of practice. The American Nurses Association, ANA (2014) observes that state law regulation administered by the Board of Nursing in different states ensures that specific acts are interpreted appropriately with regards to nursing administration. The Code of Ethics for RNs guide on nursing responsibilities being consistent with administration of quality nursing care and observing professional ethical obligations (ANA, 2014). It has nine provisions which articulate succinctly the ethical obligations and duties of RN, nonnegotiable ethical standards governing the profession and expresses the profession’s understanding of commitment to society. It covers all the moral and ethical standards expected of RNs supported by relevant nursing and ethical theories. As documented by the US Bureau of Labor and Statistics, BLS (2014), the career path to a registered nurse involves undertaking a diploma from an approved nursing program, associate degree in nursing, ADN or Bachelor of Science degree in nursing, BSN. Students should undertake courses in physiology, anatomy, nutrition, chemistry, microbiology, psychology, social and behavioral sciences and liberal arts. Whereas BSN takes four years to complete, ADN and diploma courses take between 2 and 3 years. Supervised clinical experience should be undertaken in all these programs. Additionally, there are master’s programs and programs for those with bachelor’s degrees in other fields seeking to enter the nursing profession. The Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs, CAAHP and Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, CCNE are responsible for accrediting institutions offering courses in nursing in the US. As documented by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, AACN (2014), the BSN

Accounting and finance for managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Accounting and finance for managers - Essay Example The Return on Capital Employed ratio is used to analyse a company's position in terms of the return or profit it gains on the funds invested by the company's shareholdersIt shows the effectiveness of the company's management It shows the effectiveness and performance of the company's management to obtain more returns on the shareholders' investment. It is of importance to the company's management as well as investors and shareholders being a performance indicator for the company. The ROCE ratio for the Glaxo Smithkline plc is 102.78%, which shows that the company has been able to utilise the funds invested by shareholders in an profitable manner.The Asset Turnover ratio reveals the management's efficiency in utilising the company's assets towards sales and revenue generation (Meigs & Meigs, 1993). It is of particular interest to company's management in evaluating their policies and the revenue generation. The Glaxo Smithkline plc's asset turnover ratio is 90%, which shows that the sa les generated by the company proved to be 90% utilisation of the company's assets. It is a sign of an above-average performance of the company's management.The Gross Profit Margin Percentage evaluates the percentage of profit earned by a company on sales after the production and distribution activities (Mcmenamin, 1999). This ratio analyses the company's profit margin before accounting for various operating costs. This ratio is of critical importance to both the management and investors, in order to keep an eye over the company's income level and profit margin. The gross margin percentage for the company in consideration is 78.83%, which indicates that the company only loses about 22% of its sales revenue in the production and distribution activities. It is an indicator of the company's gross profitability. Net profit percentage 21.7% The Net Profit Marin Percentage ratio shows what percentage of profit a company earns on its sales (Mcmenamin, 1999). This ratio analyses a company's profitability after taking into account all the operating costs. The importance of this ratio is the same as that of gross profit percentage. The net profit percentage for Glaxo Smithkline is 21.7%, which means that the company loses about more of the gross profit in various selling and administrative expenses. Therefore, the company needs to revise its operating costs in order to gain much out of the actual gross profit. Current Ratio 1.5: 1 The current ratio measures short-term liquidity of a company in terms of its ability to pay off its short-term debts and liabilities (Meigs & Meigs, 1993) (Mcmenamin, 1999). It shows how much liquid assets a company owns against its short-term liabilities and obligations. The current ratio is of extreme importance to a company's short-term creditors for the purpose of a better evaluation of the company's liquidity position. The current ratio for this company is 1.5: 1, which means that the company owns about $1.5 worth of assets to pay off its short-term liabilities worth $1. Quick Ratio 1.3: 1 Quick ratio reveals the liquidity position of a company after keeping aside the value of stock (Meigs & Meigs, 1993). Therefore, it gives a quick review of a firm's liquidity position in terms of cash or the assets that can be quickly convertible into cash. It is of particular interest to the short-term creditors and suppliers of the company, as they need to evaluate a company's liquidity position and analyse how feasible it is for them to do business with the company. The quick ratio for this company is 1.3: 1, which means that after keeping aside the value of stock, the company still has $1.3 worth of assets to pay of its liabilities worth $1. Also, the difference between current and quick ratio shows that not most of the company's capital has been tied up in stock. Gearing Ratio 78.05% The Gearing ratio is an analyser of a company's long-term liquidity or solvency (Meigs & Meigs, 1

Aviation Regulatory Framework Comparison UK Vs USA Engineering Essay

Aviation Regulatory Framework Comparison UK Vs USA Engineering Essay This report looks at the aviation regulatory framework in both the United Kingdom and the United States, their differences and similarities. Due to the high level of cooperation between the FAA and the CAA and also EASA most regulation is very similar if not the same. By looking at the structure and functions of the regulatory bodies in terms of safety and security it is obvious that because the two countries are aiming for the same high level of safety that they should be taking the same steps in order to do this. The main difference between the regulation of civil aviation between the two countries is the fact that the FAA is the regulation making body for the US alone whereas the UK has regulation passed to it from EASA which the CAA has to implement over and above any regulations the CAA or the British government may have had in place previously. The US has a system where the FAA literally regulates every single aspect of civil aviation and although they freely communicate their findings and recommendations with foreign countries the FAA alone control us Regulatory framework reporting only to the Department of Transport. Introduction In this report the aviation regulatory framework of the United Kingdom will be compared and contrasted with the aviation regulatory framework of the United States. The report will describe the structure and functions of the bodies responsible for aviation regulation in both countries while addressing the responsibilities of airports, airlines and aircraft manufacturers within the respective frameworks. The issue of UK regulation being underpinned by EU legislation will also be discussed and anomalies between the UK and US framework will be identified. Report In the UK the secretary of state for transport is the government minister responsible for civil aviation. This position is currently held by the Rt Hon Lord Andrew Adonis who oversees the Department for Transport (DfT) which is involved in a number of areas in civil aviation although the regulation and supervision of civil aviation is the function of the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Aviation Regulation in the United Kingdom is statute law created by acts of parliament most of which is covered by the Civil Aviation Act 1982 which lays down the roles of the main authorities for the control and regulation of civil aviation in the UK, mostly covered by the secretary of state for transport, the department for transport and mainly the CAA. The Civil Aviation Act 1982 aims to deal with issues of roles, functions, duties and policies but does not act alone as other legislation affects civil aviation regulation. For example international conventions such as the Warsaw Convention and the Ai rport Act 1986 which provides of most of the regulation for UK airports (Blackshaw, 1992, p. 30). Civil aviation in the UK is also influenced heavily by EASA who will be discussed in detail later. The CAA is the National Aviation Authority (NAA) for the UK and amongst other things deals with most of the key functions of the regulation of civil aviation. The DfT as a government department deals with bilateral agreements and is directly involved in certain safety issues particularly the investigation of aircraft accidents through the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB). The DfT also has an important role in environmental issues within civil aviation, namely noise and aviation pollution from aircraft emissions and other areas. The DfT is also involved in national airport development and the management of aircraft security (Blackshaw, 1992, p. 31) (DfT) Civil aviation in the UK is regulated by the CAA which is an independent body with responsibility for economic, safety and consumer protection regulation, and airspace policy (DfT) The CAA provides advice to the government on aviation issues, represents consumer interests and conducts research to provide statistical data. The CAA regulates all aspects of aviation in the UK. In some areas the CAA is the primary regulator although in areas where responsibility for regulation lies with the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) The CAA merely implements the Europe wide regulations put forward by EASA. The CAA is structured in four main groups, the Safety Regulation Group, Economic Regulation Group, Directorate of Airspace Policy and the Consumer Protection Group (DfT). The Safety Regulation Group (SRG) work closely with EASA to improve aviation safety in the UK and across Europe by setting civil aviation standards and ensuring that they are achieved (Transport Research Knowledge Centre, 2009). The SRG looks at the proper design, manufacture, operation and maintenance of aircraft in that flight crews and aircraft maintenance engineers are competent and that licenced aerodromes are safe to use. The SRG also ensure that air traffic services and general aviation activities meet the required safety standards (DfT). EASA provides regulation for the CAA to implement in the fields of aircraft and product certification and has responsibility for the rules related to the design and maintenance of aircraft products and parts and setting standards for organisations involving design, productio n and maintenance of these products and parts. EASA has also expanded into the CAAs rulemaking role by implementing rules for aircraft operations and flight crew licencing and aims to introduce essential requirements to cover air traffic management and aerodrome activities with air traffic management involving Eurocontrol which is The European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation. (CAA) Nonetheless the CAA is still the UKs NAA and the CAA SRG maintains its responsibility for all aspects not being adopted by EASA and is expected to monitor the safety of UK civil aviation against EASAs Pan European rules and standards whilst ensuring the UKs good safety performance is sustained. The CAA SRG is tasked by with regulatory oversight of production, maintenance and continuing airworthiness management organisations whether approved to UK or EASA standards. (CAA) The CAA Economic Regulation Group (ERG) looks at UK civil aviation from an economic viewpoint. The ERG regulates airports, air traffic services and airlines and provides advice on aviation policy from an economic standpoint (CAA). The ERG aims to secure the best sustainable outcome for users of air transport services by promoting liberalisation by removing government restrictions to entry to the airline market and to aid the optimal supply and regulation of aviation infrastructure (CAA). The ERG acts as an adviser to the government and produces statistical information on airlines and airports The CAA Directorate of Airspace Policy (DAP) is required by the government to make the most efficient use of airspace consistent with the safe operation of aircraft and the expeditious flow of air traffic whilst taking into consideration the requirements of operations and owners of all classes of aircraft (CAA). The Directorate of Airspace Policy approves and establishes controlled airspace and monitors and enforces standards, rules and regulations. The DAP is required to allocate radio frequencies and secondary radar codes for the use of air traffic control and provides meteorological services to UK civil aviation. (CAA, 2004) The CAA Consumer Protection Group (CPG) has four main responsibilities; firstly the CPG regulates the finances and fitness of travel organisers selling flights and package holidays in the UK. The CPG also manage the UKs largest system of consumer protection for travellers in the form of Air Travel Organisers Licensing (ATOL). The CPG license UK airlines and enforce European Council requirements in relation to their finances, nationality, and liability of passengers for death or injury and insurance. Finally the CPG enforce certain other legal requirements and codes of practice for protection of airlines customers. The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) has much bearing on the aviation regulatory framework of the United Kingdom. EASA aims to develop European framework for the regulation of aviation safety using themselves and the NAAs of the community member states. EASA focuses on a European regulatory system which is focused on seeing that aircraft are properly designed, manufactured, operated and maintained and that airlines operate safely, that flight crews, air traffic controllers and aircraft maintenance engineers are suitably skilled; that licensed aerodromes are safe to use and that air traffic control services and general aviation activities meet the required safety standards. (CAA) EASA provides a common initiative at European level to keep air transport safe and sustainable by developing common safety and environmental rules at European level. The agency works with the member states NAA to implement standards and provides the necessary technical expertise, training and research (EASA). EASA looks towards a single European aviation market and a single European sky and carries out executive responsibilities in the certification of specific models of aircraft, engines or parts approved for operation in the European Union (EU). The main tasks of EASA are to draft aviation safety legislation and provide technical advice to the European Commission and the Member States as well as Inspections, training and standardisation programmes to ensure uniform implementation of European aviation safety legislation in all member States by conducting inspections of national authorities as well as operations throughout the EU to monitor the application of EU rules on aviation safety and to assess the effectiveness of these rules. EASA also handles the safety and environmental type-certification of aircraft, engines and parts and approves aircraft design, production and maintenance organisations worldwide. The agency also handles the authorization of non EU operators and uses a Safety Assessment of Foreign Aircraft (SAFA) to judge the safety of foreign aircraft using EU Community airports. EASA also uses data collection, analysis and research to improve aviation safety and will soon be responsible for safety regulations reg arding airports and air traffic management systems, a responsibility handed to EASA as part of the Single European Sky initiative (EASA). EASA works with the NAAs of the EU members but has taken over many of their functions with the aim of promoting aviation standardisation which will eventually culminate in a Single European Sky, a much safer alternative to the system we have today. EASA assists the European Commission in negotiating international harmonization agreements with the rest of the world on behalf of its member states which includes working closely with its counterparts around the world such as the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). (COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 2008) (EASA, 2007) The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is an agency of the United States (US) Department of Transportation (DoT) it is responsible for the safety of American civil aviation and regulates and oversees all aspects of civil aviation in the US. The FAA aims to regulate civil aviation to promote safety, encourage and develop civil aeronautics including new aviation technology, develop and operate a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft and research and develop the National Airspace System including regulating air navigation facilities and flight inspection standards. The FAA develop and carry out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation and also regulates U.S. commercial space transportation. (Federal Aviation Administration, 2005). The FAA carries out many activities in order to fulfil these aims, for safety regulation the FAA issues and enforces regulations and minimum standards covering the manufacture, operation and maintenance of aircraft. The FAA also certifies airmen and airports that serve air carriers. The safe and efficient use of navigable airspace is one of the FAAs primary objectives. A network of airport towers, air route traffic control centres and flight service stations are all run by the FAA who develop all of the air traffic rules, assign the use of airspace and control all air traffic. The Federal Aviation Authority also builds, installs, maintains and operates all air navigation facilities and sustains systems to support air traffic control and air navigation. (Federal Aviation Administration, 2005) To promote aviation safety and encourage civil aviation abroad, the FAA exchange aeronautical information with foreign authorities, certify foreign aircraft maintenance organisations, engineers and airmen. Technical aid and training is also provided by the FAA to other countries. The FAA negotiates bilateral airworthiness agreements with other countries and takes part in international conferences. In terms of research, engineering and development, it researches and develops the systems and procedures required for a safe and efficient system of air navigation and control. The FAA actively helps develop better aircraft engines and equipment and test or evaluate aviation systems, devices, materials and procedures. The FAA administers aviation insurance and develops specifications for aeronautical charts and publishes information on airways, airport services and other technical subject in aeronautics (Federal Aviation Administration, 2005). The Aviation Safety (AVS) department of the FAA is subdivided into three parts, firstly Flight Standards (AFS) which includes aircraft maintenance, safety team program, civil aviation registry, Flight Standards District Office (FSDO), regulatory support and general aviation. The second subdivision of AVS is Aerospace Medicine (AAM) which is responsible for managing all flight doctors and medical certificate deviations. The final subdivision of AVS is Aircraft Certification (AIR) which covers airworthiness certification, the small airplane directorate and the Manufacturing Inspection District Office (MIDO). (Randy Hansen, 2007) It is clear that in the UK aviation regulation is formulated with great input from the European community in the form of EASA and many powers have therefore been transferred to EASA from the CAA whereas in the US the FAA is the only regulatory power for all aspects of aviation from running air traffic control towers, a duty that the CAA has licenced to NATS, to negotiating bilateral airworthiness agreements and administering aviation insurance. The FAA is the NAA for the US and holds all responsibility for aviation safety and oversees all aspects of civil aviation in the US. The responsibilities of airports, airlines and aircraft manufacturers are very similar both in the UK and the US. This is not surprising as ideas on best practise are shared between the two countries extensively, especially in the field of aviation safety. One example of this is in the naming of aviation regulations, In the UK we have JARs which are Joint Aviation Requirements whereas in the US they have FARs Federal Aviation Regulations. JARs were introduced as a result of UK and EU collaboration in the production of joint ventures such as Concorde and Airbus, JARs set out common airworthiness requirements that have been agreed upon by all of the cooperating nations. JARs have now been superseded by EASA Parts under the basic regulation, for example JAR 21 has been superseded by EASA part 21. The Joint Aviation Authority (JAA) is an associated body of European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) representing the civil aviation regulation authorities of a number of EU states cooperatin g in developing and implementing common safety regulatory standards and procedures intended on providing high and consistent standards of safety and a level playing field for competition in Europe. Much emphasis is also placed on harmonising the JARs with the FARs in the US (Fisher, 2009). In the UK aircraft manufacturers are regulated under EASA Part 21 Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Certification Procedures for Aircraft and related products and parts. Similarly in the US aircraft manufacturers are regulated under FAR 21 certification procedures for products and parts. Aircraft Manufacturers are monitored throughout the design and manufacture process of aircraft and parts by the CAA FAA to ensure they comply with regulations. At the end of this process the aircraft type is certificated for appropriate use. It is up to the aircraft manufacturer to follow the internationally recognised standard for airworthiness to gain a Certificate of Airworthiness which is issued in accordance with the ICAO Chicago Convention. Aircraft manufacturers both in the UK and US are responsible for producing aircraft which are safe and fit for purpose. This is tested in four categories; Structural integrity, systems integrity, operational integrity and crashworthiness. (EASA, 2008 ) EASA Part 21 lays down common technical requirements and administrative procedures for airworthiness and environmental certification of products and parts specifying: The issue of type certificates and changes to those certificates; the issue of certificates of airworthiness; the issue of repair design approvals; the showing of compliance with environmental protection requirements; the issue of noise certificates; the identification and certification of products and parts; the certification of design and production organisations and the issue of airworthiness directives. (EASA, 2008) In order to fly commercial services for example carrying passenger or cargo for payment, UK airlines must gain an operating licence from the CAA (CAA). Similarly in the US airlines must undergo air carrier certification. Under part 121 airlines must comply with regulations and safety standards and manage hazard related risks in the operating environment (FAA, 2009). To qualify for a CAA Operating Licence an airline has to meet a number of requirements in respect of its safety, insurance and financial status. Once a CAA operating Licence is gained by an airline it is free to operate within the EU. To gain air carrier certification US airlines must follow a very similar system which is set out to determine whether an airline is able to conduct business in a manner that complies with all applicable regulations and safety standards. (FAA, 2009) (FAA, 2008) In the US the FAA requires all commercial airports to have Part 139 certification which ensures a uniform level of safety across all airports. To obtain Part 139 certification an airport must agree to certain operational and safety standards and have provisions for fire fighting and rescue. The requirements for Part 139 certification vary due to the size of the airport and type of flights it operates. Part 139 looks at the airport paperwork and finances and the aircraft movement area to make sure the runway and pavement conditions, marking and lighting are safe for use. Part 139 also lays out airport responsibilities in the area of ground vehicle operations and wildlife. Aircraft rescue and fire services are also inspected as are fuel facilities. (FAA, 2009) In the UK airport responsibilities are laid out in CAP 168 Licencing of Aerodromes. CAP 168 requires that in the UK all commercial flights take place at a licenced aerodrome, a government aerodrome or at an aerodrome managed by t he CAA. Like Part 139 the requirements laid out in CAP 168 reflect the standards and recommended practices of the ICAO and form the basis for an assessment of the potential suitability of the aerodrome to be licenced taking into account the size of the airport and the type of flights it handles. (CAA) (CAA, 2008) There are few anomalies between the UK and US aviation regulatory framework as much collaboration and communication now takes place via agencies such as ICAO and EASA to provide the aviation industry with a set of best practices. The main difference between the frameworks is the way the UK is being integrated with the EU using EASA to provide regulation that overrides that of the CAA. EASA will eventually take over most of the duties of the CAA and will provide most of the civil aviation regulation for the EU including the UK. The FAA on the other hand regulates the whole aviation industry in the US, everything from insuring aircraft to regulating commercial space transport. Although the FAA communicates its ideas with the rest of the world the agency retains all responsibility for anything aviation related in the US. Regulation in the US and UK is very similar as a result of this communication and much of the regulation developed from this will be implemented across Europe to create a single European sky and improve aviation safety. Conclusion In conclusion the aviation regulatory frameworks in place in the UK and the US have their striking similarities but also have very important differences. The FAA works alone in the USA and is the single authority responsible for all aspects of aviation regulation safety and security. In the UK the CAA, our equivalent to the FAA, implements European regulation decided by EASA. UK aviation regulation is underpinned by EU legislation in that EASA aim to create a single European sky and therefore aims to create uniformity between its member states. The FAA already has this uniformity over the whole of the United States and implements only the regulation it creates itself. Many of the safety regulations that cover airports, airlines and aircraft are very similar between frameworks if not identical in places, this shows that the JARs worked to harmonise EU regulations with US regulations a step still being taken by EASA today.

Ethics in Grant Essay

Ethics is described as moral principles and obligations that determine the wrongness and correctness of actions. It is associated with values and righteousness of every individual conduct. As a human being we are responsible for our actions and we have moral obligations for the welfare of others. Ethics cover our everyday life from what we think, decisions we make our philosophy and behavior to our everyday actions. In different professional field, standard and code of ethics are practiced to ensure proper conduct and behavior of those involved in the field. Ethics in grant has always been controversial. Issues associated with ethical behavior often arise from grant projects. The involvement of large amount of money causes the issues and suspicion to rise. An example of an issue that may arise from a grant project is commissioning. Commission refers to the fee paid to an employee after venturing to a successful business or closing a deal. However, professional organizations and funders consider commissioning unethical in nature. This is because compensation with regards to commissioning based on charitable contributions and donations are ugly site to see. Unlike salesmen, who get a cut from the proceeds they made, professionals who are involved in grant projects are considered skilled and talented people who lend and utilized their expertise in order to obtain huge support and following for the work and project that an organization is aiming to achieve. These are usually projects that requires huge amount of funding. If commissions are paid in favor of the grant workers in order to generate money, it would seems people are working because of the money involved and not because of the dedication one has to obtain support for the completion of the project In fact, the Code of Ethical Principles and Standards of Professional Practices of the Association of Fundraising Professional, clearly outlines that compensation based on a percentage of fundraising should not be accepted. Sincerity and honesty is another issue that that is usually associated with Grant projects. Honesty comes into play when errors are committed while the project is being done. This happens when proposals made is not enough for the project to be successful and major changes are needed. Employees often resort to covering things up in an effort to conceal the miscalculations and mistakes done during proposal. Cover up is done because the fear of losing the funder since the original plans agreed upon fail to materialize. Employees then tend to lie and pretend everything runs smoothly. To prevent ethical issues rising from Grant Projects, it is important to be honest and to tell everything that that is going on to the funder. By being honest, one can earn the funder’s trust and trust is important in every project to be successful. Furthermore, Grant makers and funders appreciate sincerity and honesty and they are open to changes from original plans that have been set, since changes that are made will yield promising results for the project. If an error with the project has been discovered, it is necessary to report at once. Also, it would be ethical to issue an apology if things are not carried out properly as promised. With the huge sum of money involved in Grant Projects, it will be helpful for anyone to be honest in every little way to prevent ethical issues from occurring. Sincerity for the project’s completion and the responsibility one owes from the funder and from those who support the organization in building the project should make one realize the misconduct of falling into the temptation the large sum of money brings. One should understand that an arrangement in which one obtain a kickback is unethical. To preserve one’s name and his reputation as a person and professional one must keep away from doing them.

The Ancient Greek Iconoclast’s Philosophy of Education

The basic philosophical foundation that supports the Socratic philosophy of education Socrates, in The Republic, begins his query by asking how is it best to live one†s life? He suggests the best life is lived in such a fashion that is conducive to creating a just society. Such a society is the one designed that is most conducive to justice, and therefore to happiness, as opposed to pleasure. Remember that happiness for the Greeks was not a matter of individual self-fulfillment. Rather, Socrates considered happiness as fulfilling one†s most fitting vocational role in society. Socrates defined a society that is best in autocratic terms-a cobbler should not rule, and a potential ruler or philosopher should not make shoes, because this is antithetical to their natural abilities and fitness. But although Socrates advocated oligarchy as the fittest system of governance, he did not advocate aristocracy. In one of his earlier dialogues, called the â€Å"Meno,† Socrates is shown leading a slave boy through mathematical proofs. With correct prompting the boy is thus able to recover innate knowledge about the world. Thus Socrates saw intellectual gifts as intrinsic to the human mind and not necessarily based on the ability of the tutor. This is why Socrates did not charge for his teachings, unlike the Sophists. (Kemerling, 2002,†Socrates,† The Philosophy Pages) But to accept the Socratic doctrine one must also believe that potential intellectual abilities are not democratically bestowed upon individuals as suggested by the Sophists, who aimed to teach all people to rhetorically please the people in the law courts and in the political sphere, by using clever phrases. Socrates believed that there was an inherent paradox in acquring knowledge â€Å"the most fundamental questions about our own nature and function,† are actually unaswerable and undemonstratable by common rhetorical devices, therefore â€Å"it seems impossible for us to learn anything. The only escape, Socrates proposed, is to acknowledge â€Å"that we already know what we need to know.† (Kemerling, 2002, â€Å"Plato: Immortality and the Forms-Doctrine of Recollection,† Philosophy Pages) How does this philosophy define the roles of teacher? From the â€Å"Meno† cited above, it might seem that Socrates saw himself primarily as a questioner and a facilitator of the recollection innate gifts. â€Å"The dialogue form was probably invented by Plato† to portray the Socratic method, otherwise known as the dialectic.† (Huffman, 2005) The method known as the Socratic method of teaching, still practiced in many schools (particularly law schools) today, â€Å"consisted of asking questions like ‘What is courage?† of people who were confident of the answer. Socrates, claiming ignorance of the answers to the questions, would gradually show the people's beliefs to be contradictory. Socrates did not answer his questions, though much could be learned from the course of the discussion.† (Huffman, 2005) How will this philosophy guide the learning expectations in a classroom? Using questions places the teacher in some authority, as the teacher directs the discussion through involved questioning. However, it also demands a great deal of preparedness and attentiveness on the part of the student, combined with a willingness to question what the student†s society may deem to be common sense. Students of innately high ability are supposed to continually excel, to justify the teacher†s expectations of the student's gifts. Ultimately, this questioning of common sense doctrine resulted in the condemnation of Socrates for corrupting the youth of Athens and of questioning the piety of the Greek gods. (Huffman, 2005) How will this philosophy exemplify the high standards of teaching? On one hand, the Socratic dialectic may seem to be an equalizing form of philosophy. Anyone can answer the questions of the teacher. But because the method stresses student recollection, rather than the teacher†s ability to mold or impart knowledge upon a blank slate, it did not function as such in Socrates† actual practice. The Republic, the delineation of the ideal state, advances a tiered division of society, mimicking the division of the body into soul, heart, and lower regions-rulers are innately of the mind, warriors of the heart or hands, and laborers of the lower regions of the body. â€Å"Only those with a philosophical temperament, Plato supposed, are competent to judge between what merely seems to be the case and what really is, between the misleading, transient appearances of sensible objects and the the permanent reality of unchanging, abstract forms.† (Kemerling, 2002, Philsophy Pages, â€Å"Plato: Education and the Value of Justice†) How will this philosophy address public expectations concerning student achievement? Accountability? In the world of the Republic, students of high levels of ability do not necessarily have empowerment over their education. Although they are subjected to rigorous Socratic questioning, they are also kept away from members of other classes of society, and not permitted to be corrupted by fairytales and myths that could take them away from their innate gifts of purely understanding the nature of virtue and the world of the forms. â€Å"Perhaps our best alternative, Socrates held, is to suppose that virtue is a (divinely bestowed?) true opinion that merely happens to lack the sort of rational justification which would earn it the status of certain knowledge,† and therefore virtue is unteachable. (Kemerling, 2002, â€Å"Plato: Immortality and the Forms-Doctrine of Recollection,† Philosophy Pages) Student achievement thus ultimately lies in the ability of the student, and the accountability of the teacher lies in his or her ability to select the correct student for the correct form of learning, rather than his or function as a teacher in the classroom.

The Fundamental Role Of Labor Unions - 1818 Words

Godard’s definition of labour is akin to that of the Marxists and it states that labour is the conversion of human effort into some measurable input in exchange for money. He argues that labour is given by the employed to established economic and social relationships with the employer (Godard, 1993). 2 What is the fundamental role of labour unions? The fundamental role of trade unions is to defend the rights of workers that subscribe to them. This they accomplish by negotiating for wage concessions, and better working conditions. 3 What distinctions divide workers into different groups or categories? In what way have these classifications changed over time? What are the reasons for this change? Class and union status are some of the distinguishing characteristics of workers. Class distinction has given rise to different types of employees or workers e.g. executives, managers, supervisors, general workers, and support staff. Another categorization looks categorizes workers as either unionized or non-unionized (Godard, 1993). These categories continue to exist albeit some changes. For instance, more and more workers have since become unionized while some have gone back to school and acquired skills to rise to management positions. The desire for better living and working conditions is the primary reason behind the change. 4 What is the role of managers? Managers are tasked with the responsibility of supervising the work done by employees under them. Some are engaged in policyShow MoreRelatedUnions and The Collective Bargaining: Is it Beneficial? Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesUnions and The collective Bargaining: Is it Beneficial? Being a part of a group or an association that you pay into as a worker should have benefits that can help you continue to improve their lives. The benefit of having someone speak up for you could be better pay, better health benefits, and being better treated in the work place. 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